What is the CPU (Central Processing Unit)?
Alternately referred to as a processor, central processor, or microprocessor, the CPU is the main processor of the computer. The responsibility of the computer’s CPU is to smoothly run the instructions between hardware and software so that they can function without any problem. It is also referred to as the brain of the computer system because all the important functions like performing calculations, running programs and handling multiple activities are managed by the CPU.
1 What is the CPU (Central Processing Unit)?2 Components of CPU2.1 Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)2.2 Control unit (CU)2.3 Memory or Storage Unit3 History of CPU4 Who is the founder of CPU?5 What Are the Main Functions of a CPU?5.1 Fetching5.2 Decode5.3 Execute5.4 Store6 What are the different types of CPU?
The processor is placed and secured into the compatible CPU socket stored in the motherboard. The heat is produced by the processor that’s why they are covered with the heat sink to protect the emission of the heat. A CPU chip is rectangular so that it can be easily stored in the socket. On the bottom of the chip are hundreds of connector pins that plug into each of the corresponding holes in the socket. Today, all the CPUs are very similar in design and functionality. However, Intel and AMD have larger chips that can be stored on the motherboard. Moreover, there are plenty of different sockets available on the motherboard and each socket has its different being layout and has a specific function to store the processor.
Components of CPU
The first computer processor was introduced by intel designer named Ted Hoff in the 1970s. The first processor was called 4004 by Intel. Mainly, a computer processor consists of the following different components –
Memory or Storage UnitControl UnitALU(Arithmetic Logic Unit)
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
The arithmetic logic unit performs mathematical functions, logic and helps in the decision-making process. This unit consists of two subsections namely,
Arithmetic Section: The function of the arithmetic section is to perform arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. All complex operations are done by making repetitive use of the above operations.Logic Section: The function of the logic section is to perform logic operations such as comparing, selecting, matching, and merging data.
Control unit (CU)
The control unit extracts instructions from memory and decodes and executes them, calling on the ALU when necessary. Functions of this unit are −
It is responsible for controlling the transfer of data and instructions among other units of a computer.It manages and coordinates all the units of the computer.It obtains the instructions from the memory, interprets them, and directs the operation of the computer.It communicates with Input/Output devices for the transfer of data or results from storage.It does not process or store data.
Memory or Storage Unit
This unit can store instructions, data, and intermediate results. This unit supplies information to other units of the computer when needed. It is also known as the internal storage unit or the main memory or the primary storage or Random Access Memory (RAM). Its size affects speed, power, and capability. Primary memory and secondary memory are two types of memories in the computer. Functions of the memory unit are −
It stores all the data and the instructions required for processing.It stores intermediate results of processing.It stores the final results of processing before these results are released to an output device.All inputs and outputs are transmitted through the main memory.
History of CPU
In the due course of history, the speed and performance of the central processing unit have evolved dramatically. The first CPU which was introduced by Intel 4004 that was released on November 15, 1971, had 2,300 transistors and performed 60,000 operations per second. And, the latest Intel platinum is today offering 3,300,000 transistors and performs around 188,000,000 instructions per second. You can easily compare the difference between the performance and speed of both the CPU units. Source: Computerhope
What Are the Main Functions of a CPU?
There is no doubt that the performance of the CPU has improved dramatically in the past few years, but the basic functionality of the CPU remains the same. The uses of the CPU revolve around the same three functions for which they have been earlier created. The basic functions of the CPU are –
Fetching
It is clear to understand that the main use of the central processing unit is to receive instructions. The instructions are received in the series of numbers that are transferred from CPUs to the RAMs. Each part of the information is divided into small units, that’s why the CPU needs to know which information is coming next. The instructions are located at the program counter. But, as the instructions move, then they are replaced in an Instruction Register (IR) so that the program counter can store the next set of instructions.
Decode
Once the instructions are stored in the instruction register, the CPU transfer instructions to the circuit called instructor decode. In this circuit, instructions are converted into signals which can be easily understood by the other part of the computer. This is a very important use of the CPU because if other parts of the computer don’t understand the instructions given to them, then they won’t be able to perform the functions for which they are designed. It is similar to the function of the brain when the brain provides a signal to other body parts to perform their duty.
Execute
Now, the last important use of the CPU is to execute the instructions which are earlier fetch and decoded by the processor. This will instruct other computer parts to perform their designated functions. The results are usually written to a CPU register, where they can be referenced by later instructions. Think of it as the memory function on your calculator. This means that the executed instructions are later stored in the memory of the central processing unit so that the next instruction can work according to the previous instruction as we already have discussed that instructions are divided into a small number of series.
Store
The CPU must give feedback after executing an instruction, and the output data is written to the memory. The uses of the CPU are very clear and simple to understand, it is the responsibility of the CPU to fetch instructions from the user, decode the instructions into the signals which can be understood by other parts of the computer and make sure that the function is executed in the right manner. CPU also must make sure that the next instructions are relevant to the instruction which are already under the process. So, CPU is indeed one of the main processors of the computer as the functioning of the other processor depends upon it. Also read:
Which Intel processor is Best for You? Intel Core i5, i7 or i9 explainedDifference Between CPU (Central Processing Unit) and RAM (Random Access Memory) What is the Difference Between 32-Bit and 64-Bit Windows 10 and Processor (CPU)SSD vs HDD Speed and Performance ComparisonIntegrated vs Dedicated Graphics Card Which to Use and Why? Complete Laptop Buying Guide 2020 – Specifications of a Good Laptop
